Oral, head, and neck cancers are complex diseases that can be difficult to identify in their early stages. Recognizing symptoms and seeking timely medical attention can greatly improve patient outcomes.
Recognizing Symptoms
Oral, head, and neck cancers can present with a variety of symptoms, making early diagnosis challenging. Some of the most common warning signs include:
- Persistent mouth or throat pain
- Ulcers or nodules in the mouth or along the tongue
- Difficulty or pain with swallowing
- Changes in voice
- Unexplained weight loss
- Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
If any of these symptoms persist, it is important to seek medical evaluation.
Screening and Early Detection
Routine screenings for oral, head, and neck cancers primarily take place in dental offices, where dentists examine the mouth and surrounding tissues. However, these exams have limitations, as they may not detect cancers developing deeper in the throat or neck.
Currently, there are no widely recommended screening methods beyond these routine dental evaluations, which makes recognizing the symptoms and getting regular medical checkups all the more important. Since no formal screening guidelines exist for these cancers, many patients are diagnosed only after symptoms appear.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now the leading cause of head and neck cancers, as well as a cause of cervical cancer. HPV screenings are often recommended for women over 30 and those who have had an abnormal Pap test.
Fortunately, in most cases, cancers are still detected at a curable stage. As with any type of cancer, early detection is critical and can significantly improve prognosis and treatment success.
Treatments
In treating oral, head, and neck cancers, medical oncologists play a key role in managing medications, including chemotherapy. Treatment often involves a multidisciplinary approach, with oncologists working alongside surgeons and radiation oncologists. Typically, medical oncologists oversee treatment following surgical intervention and in conjunction with radiation therapy to optimize patient outcomes.
Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Changes
You can help reduce the risk of developing oral, head, and neck cancers through lifestyle changes, including reducing alcohol consumption and eliminating tobacco by stopping smoking or vaping.
The HPV vaccine has the potential to reduce future cases, making vaccination an essential preventive measure for younger generations. Vaccines can be administered beginning at age 9. Everyone over the age of 26 is not recommended to receive the HPV vaccination. Some adults ages 27 through 45 who have not already been vaccinated could decide to receive the vaccine after discussing it with their doctor. Though still helpful, HPV vaccination of adults provides fewer benefits since more people in this group have already been exposed to the virus.
For more information about screenings and HPV vaccines, make an appointment with your primary care provider.
